10 27, 2004

第８回：「熱中症」

毎日あんまり暑いので、熱中症の話題。このテキストが決まったのは７月のWendyさんのクラス。「これをやる頃は涼しくなっていたりして・・・」と言っていたのですが、トンデモナイ。今年の夏は異常で、真夏日、熱帯夜がまだまだ続いています。


【課題文】
1. 熱中症とは？

読んで字のごとく、「熱に中（あた）る」という意味。体の中と外の「暑さ」によって引き起こされる、様々な体の不調のことです。気温が高かったり、激しい運動などで体内でたくさんの熱が発生することが原因でおこります。日射病は熱中症の一種で、炎天下にスポーツや激しい労働をして、大量の汗をかき、体の水分が足りなくなってしまった状態です。こうなると血液の濃度が高くなってスムーズに流れにくくなり、体温調節をはじめとする、体のコントロールがうまく行かなくなるんですね。夏の暑い盛りに激しい運動をすると、体は高くなった体温を冷やすために、たくさんの汗をかきます。あまりたくさんの汗をかき、この失った水分の補給をしてやらないと日射病になるというわけです。

熱中症は、次の様な状況で起こりやすくなります。

  • 前日までに比べ、急に気温が上がった場合
  • 梅雨明けをしたばかりの頃
  • 気温はそれほどでなくとも、湿度が高い場合
  • アスファルトやコンクリート、草の生えていない砂地など
  • 急に激しい運動をしたとき
  • 体に疲れがたまっているとき

こんなときには、熱中症にならないような配慮が必要です。

2. どのように防ぐか？

まずは、吸湿性・通気性の良い素材でできた、涼しい服装をすることです。服装の色も、熱を吸収しにくい白っぽいものを選びましょう。日傘や、つばの広い帽子なども良いですね。その上で、きちんと水分補給をすることを心がける必要があります。体重の３％以上の水分が失われると、体温調節に影響が出るといわれていますので、激しい運動をする際には、体重の変化に注目する必要があります。例えば、私（田村）は約８０kgですので、汗をかいて2.4kg体重が減るとヤバイ！ということになります。

さて、水分補給のペースですが、のどが渇いた時には、既に脱水が起きていることが多いので、のどの渇いたと感じる前に水分補給をすることが大事です。 炎天下で運動するときには、時間を決めて定期的に飲み物を飲むと良いでしょう。

＜中略＞

4. 熱中症になってしまったら？

すぐに運動を中止して、木陰などの涼しい場所に移動してください。十分な水分の補給が必要です。意識がおかしくなるような重症の場合は直ちに病院へ運んで下さい。熱中症で命を落とすこともありますから侮ってはいけません。また、積極的に体温を冷やすことも大事です。扇風機や団扇などで風を送ってあげるのも効果的です。

（熱中症と日射病）


[テキスト1]

1. 熱中症とは？

読んで字のごとく、「熱に中（あた）る」という意味。体の中と外の「暑さ」によって引き起こされる、様々な体の不調のことです。気温が高かったり、激しい運動などで体内でたくさんの熱が発生することが原因でおこります。日射病は熱中症の一種で、炎天下にスポーツや激しい労働をして、大量の汗をかき、体の水分が足りなくなってしまった状態です。こうなると血液の濃度が高くなってスムーズに流れにくくなり、体温調節をはじめとする、体のコントロールがうまく行かなくなるんですね。夏の暑い盛りに激しい運動をすると、体は高くなった体温を冷やすために、たくさんの汗をかきます。あまりたくさんの汗をかき、この失った水分の補給をしてやらないと日射病になるというわけです。

[訳例1]

1. What are heat illnesses?
The words "heat illnesses" literally means "an illness caused by heat." The term "heat illness" describes various conditions that come about as a result of heat both within and outside of the body. Heat illnesses are caused by an excess buildup of heat within the body due to high temperatures or strenuous exercise. Heat exhaustion is one kind of heat illnesses. It is caused by a lack of fluids in the body due to excessive sweating, which can happen from playing sports or doing hard physical labor in extremely hot weather. The lack of fluids thickens the blood and worsens blood flow, making it difficult for the body to control various mechanisms, including internal temperature regulation. When exercising outdoors during hot summer weather, people sweat profusely as a way of cooling off their bodies when their body temperature gets too high. However, if they fail to replace the lost fluids, they could easily end up with heat exhaustion.

[訳例2]

1. What is (1)heatstroke?
As the word implies, heatstroke is a condition the body is ‘struck’ by heat. In other words, it is illness caused by an excess heat both in the body and surrounding the body. Heatstroke is usually caused(2)at a hot environment, or caused by the heat rapidly generated in the body, for example, due to heavy exercises. One example of heatstroke is sunstroke. Sunstroke is a condition in which the body (3)lost too much fluid due to sweating too much (4)by exercising or working hard under (5)a flaming sun. This fluid loss increases (6)blood (7) concentration, which (8)impedes blood circulation , resulting in failure of body function such as body temperature regulation. When you do (9)hard exercise in hot summer (10), your body sweats heavily to cool your body temperature. If you fail to drink (11)replacement fluid, you (12)will suffer from sunstroke.

  1. heatstrokeでもよいが、heatstrokeは、熱による病気（heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke） の中でも一番severeなものを指すので注意。ウェンディさんはheat illnessを使ったとのこと。
  2. at → in
  3. lost → loses
  4. by → because of
  5. a → the
  6. theを挿入。
  7. concentrationも濃度という意味だが、「空気中の酸素の濃度」など、 AのなかのBの濃度などと言うときに使う。このように使うと「何の濃度が増える」のか‥‥ ということになってしまう。
    → blood thickens…とかincreases the blood viscosityというような言い方に変える方がいい。
  8. impedes blood circulation ← good!
  9. hard → strenuous
  10. weatherを挿入。
  11. replacement fluid → fluids
  12. will → may

[訳例3]

１．(1)What is Heat Stroke?
Heat stroke means physical exhaustion due to “stroke of heat”. It represents various (2)forms of disorders caused by excessive heat surrounding you as well as building up inside your body. Heat stroke is likely to occur when a lot of heat generates inside your body because of (3)high temperature or (4) your vigorous activity. Sun stroke is a kind of heat stroke (5) and is caused specifically under the sun; sun stroke involves severe dehydration due to sweating from hard work or (6)sport under the scorching sun. Dehydration (7)in our body makes our blood too viscous to flow smoothly, (8) which can no longer regulate our body including body temperature. When people do strenuous exercise (9)in the heat of a summer day, they sweat a lot to (10)cool their hot body. If people don’t (11)refill their body water depleted from perspiration, they suffer from sun stroke.

  1. What are heat illnessesとする。
  2. forms of をとる。various disorders
  3. high temperature → high temperatures
  4. yourはとる。
  5. カンマを挿入。
  6. sport → sports
  7. in our bodyは不要。
  8. impeding our bodies’ function, including the ability to regulate temperature
  9. in the heat of summerとする。
  10. cool their hot body → cool off
  11. refill their body water → replenish their body fluids

[訳例4]

What is (1)Hyperthermia?
(2)The word “Hyperthermia” is made up of “hyper, ” high + “termia” from the Greek “thermes,” heat. Hyperthermia is literally high heat and represents various illnesses caused by “high heat” inside and outside the body. People suffer heat-related illness when a great deal of heat is generated inside the body due to unusually high temperatures or heavy (3) exercising. Sun stroke is a kind of hyperthermia, and (4) is a state of lack of water caused by heavy sweating when working or exercising (5)severely under the blazing sun. (6)In the state of lack of water, the blood is condensed, preventing the blood from flowing smoothly, which in turn (7) impairs body controls including body temperature adjustment. When exercising (5) heavily in a hot (8)summer, the body sweats heavily to cool down (9)the high temperature. If you forget to resupply your body with the water lost (10)by the heavy sweating , sun stroke risk becomes extremely high.

  1. ちょっと違うと思いますが。
  2. この文章はかっこいいけど。
  3. exercise
  4. causes
  5. strenuously
  6. without appropriate fluids, the blood is thickened
  7. グッド！
  8. summer weather
  9. 削除。
  10. through

[訳例5]

1. What is heatstroke?
As you read the Japanese characters, the meaning is “The body is stroked by heat”. It is related to the disorders of the body caused by the “heat” of inside and outside of the body. It occurs because of the high temperature in the air or a lot of heat generation in the body by hard exercise. Sunstroke is a kind of heatstroke, it is the condition in which water in the body is lacking because of sports or hard working under the flaming sun. In this way, the blood becomes high in its concentration and does not smoothly flow in the body, therefore body control beginning from temperature control becomes not to work well. With a hard exercise at the height of summer, the body sweats a lot to cool down the temperature of the body which has become high. That is how people become sunstroke (sunstroke occurs) because of too much sweating without replenishment for the lost water.

[訳例6]

1. What is heatstroke?
As the word shows, it means stroke due to heat. It is caused by malfunctions of your body to “heat” inside and outside of your body. It can also be caused by your body’s heat to be generated by high temperature or hard exercise. Sunstroke is a kind of heatstroke. Heatstroke is a condition where your body is short of water due to much sweating from doing some sport or hard work with the sun beating down on you. Under such a condition, your blood gets dense and does not run smoothly, resulting in malfunction of your body including adjustment of your temperature. If you do hard exercise in hot summer, your body will perspire much to make your heated temperature cool down. You will get sunstroke if you do not take water which you have lost with much perspiration.

[訳例7]

What are heat illnesses?
As the word explicitly states, (1)the definition is quite straightforward. They are various illnesses caused by “exposure to heat.” More specifically, they are caused by heat generation inside the body and environmental heat (2)load outside the body. Possible causes include hot weather or strenuous physical (3) activities that generate substantial amounts of body heat. Sunstroke is one form of heat illnesses resulting from excessive loss of fluids through heavy sweating during intense exercise or hard work in the sun. (4)The loss of fluids increases the blood (5)concentration and interferes with (6)a smooth flow of blood. Consequently, the heat regulating mechanism in the body, including body temperature control, does not work correctly. Thus, exercising in very hot weather raises the body (7)temperature and the body sweats a lot to try to cool it off. If you fail to replace the fluids you have lost through sweating, you may suffer sunstroke.

  1. the definition is quite straightforward を削除し、They を these に変更。
  2. load を削除。
  3. activities を activity に訂正。
  4. The loss を Loss に訂正。
  5. concentration を viscosity に変更。（授業中の訂正）viscosity の後にカンマを追加。
  6. a を the に訂正。
  7. temperature の後にカンマを追加。

[訳例8]

1. Heat illness
Heat illness refers to a spectrum of heat-related medical (1) emergencies characterized by overheating both inside and outside the body. It occurs (2)as the body gets too hot to manage the stress of a very warm environment and hard physical activity. Sunstroke is a (3) category of heat illness. The primary cause of sunstroke is dehydration resulting from excessive perspiration during (4)field sports or vigorous labor under the hot (5)sunshine. Dehydration increases the blood viscosity to decrease blood flow, leading to the loss of physical (6)coordination and body temperature control. When working in the heat of midsummer, for instance, the body normally (7) reacts to sweat as much in order to cool it down. Since a considerable amount of water is sweated off, constant hydration is critical in avoiding possible sunstroke.

  1. conditions
  2. when
  3. type
  4. 削除。
  5. sun
  6. function
  7. sweat


□ 熱中症
  • heat exhaustion(熱疲憊)  熱中症
  • heatstroke (熱射病)  熱中症
  • sunstroke (日射病)
  • heat cramp (熱痙攣)
  • hyperthermia (高体温) vs. hypothermia (低体温症)
□ 血液の濃度
  • blood viscosity
  • blood thickness (to coagulation)
  • blood density (specific gravity)
  • blood concentration (blood level = 血中濃度)
  • Solids can be dense; liquids can be viscous.
□ 「熱中症とは？　読んで字のごとく、「熱に中（あた）る」という意味。」
  • これは正しくない。
    熱中とは、ある一つのことに関心を集中させること。熱中症の熱中は古来の漢方医学用語で、熱が体内に鬱積する症状。
    （日本経済新聞朝刊「漢字コトバ散策」）
  • 船田中（「作新 江川 畑恵 失楽園 船田」で Google）という政界人や、小林中という財界人は「アタル」さんかもしれない。なお、「しょくあたり」と「ばちあたり」を Microsoft IME で変換すると、それぞれ「食中り」、「罰当たり」。

[テキスト2]

熱中症は、次の様な状況で起こりやすくなります。

  • 前日までに比べ、急に気温が上がった場合
  • 梅雨明けをしたばかりの頃
  • 気温はそれほどでなくとも、湿度が高い場合
  • アスファルトやコンクリート、草の生えていない砂地など
  • 急に激しい運動をしたとき
  • 体に疲れがたまっているとき
こんなときには、熱中症にならないような配慮が必要です。

[訳例1]

People are particularly vulnerable to heat illnesses at the following places and times:
  • After a sudden rise in temperatures compared to the previous day,
  • In the period immediately following the end of the rainy season,
  • On humid days, even if the temperature is not that high,
  • On asphalt, concrete, or on a sandy surface without grass,
  • After sudden, vigorous exercise, or
  • When fatigued.
At places and times such as these, care must be taken to avoid heat illnesses.

[訳例2]

Heatstroke often occurs in the following condition:
  • the (1)air temperature soars (2)comparing previous days
  • the weather is humid, for example, just after the rainy season
  • the (1)air temperature is moderate, but humidity is high
  • you are at places paved with asphalt or concrete, or sandy ground without grass
  • you are doing (3)heavy exercises
  • you are (4)fatigue
In such conditions, you should take (5)actions to prevent heatstroke.

  1. air は不要。
  2. comparing previous days → comparing to the previous day
  3. heavy → strenuous
  4. fatigue → fatigued
  5. actions → action

[訳例3]

You are more susceptible to heat stroke when;
  • (1)an air temperature sharply rises from those you had until the previous day
  • (2)a rainy season has just finished
  • (3)you have a high humidity in spite of (4)a moderate temperature
  • you are on an asphalt or concrete pavement, or on a sandy place without grass
  • you suddenly start (5)a vigorous exercise
  • (6)fatigue has been built up in your body
Under the conditions listed above, you need some preventive measures against heat stroke.

  1. 次のように書き直す。
    temperatures sharply rise vs. the previous day.
  2. a rainy season → the rainy season   ただしここは「梅雨」についてもっと説明が必要。
  3. you have a を削除。
  4. a moderate temperature → moderate temperatures
  5. a vigorous exercise → vigorous exercise
  6. has been と your body をとって、fatigue builds up とする。

[訳例4]

Be careful!! Hyperthermia likely to occur when:
  • Temperature rose rapidly from the previous day.
  • (1)Rainy season is just over.
  • Humidity is high, though (2)temperature is not extremely high.
  • The ground is covered by asphalt or concrete, or is sandy without grass.
  • Exercising (3)severely for the first in a long while.
and
  • Getting tired.

  1. The rainy season
  2. the 挿入。
  3. strenuously

[訳例5]

Heatstroke is likely to occur in the following conditions.
  • Rapid increase in temperature compared with until the day before
  • Around just after the rainy season
  • When it is not so high in temperature but (the) humidity is high
  • Such as the places surrounded with asphalt roads and concrete buildings, and the sand without grasses
  • When hard exercise is performed rapidly
  • When tiredness accumulated in the body
In such time, the consideration not to get heatstroke is necessary.

[訳例6]

You are inclined to get heatstroke under the following condition.
  • when it gets much hotter than the previous day
  • just when the rainy reason is over
  • when it is very humid though it is not so hot
  • when you are on an asphalt or concrete road or on sand without any grass
  • when you do hard exercise suddenly
  • when you are tired out
You need to take care not to get heatstroke under the above conditions.

[訳例7]

A person’s risk of suffering a heat illness (1)is increased when:
  • the temperature sharply rose over the last few days;
  • the rainy season just ended;
  • humidity is high even at relatively low temperatures;
  • you are on the asphalt or concrete surface or on the sandy (2) soil with no grass;
  • you are doing sudden and vigorous exercise;
  • you are tired.
In these situations, you should take precautions to prevent (3) the hazards of heat.

  1. is increased を increases に変更。（自動詞にできるところは自動詞で。訳者注）
  2. soil を ground に変更。
  3. the hazards of heat を heat illnesses に変更。

[訳例8]

Risk of sunstroke is high in the presence of one or more (1)of the following factors:
  • Temperature is much higher than the preceding day.
  • Rainy season is just over.
  • Humidity is high (2)if temperature is moderate.
  • Ground is covered with asphalt, concrete, or dry sand (bald grassless soil).
  • (3)Hard exercise is not preceded by adequate warm-up.
  • Fatigue is accumulated in the body.
Precautions are necessary against heat illness (4) likely to occur in these conditions.

  1. in the following conditions
  2. even 挿入。
  3. strenuous
  4. which can occur

[テキスト3]

2. どのように防ぐか？

まずは、吸湿性・通気性の良い素材でできた、涼しい服装をすることです。服装の色も、 熱を吸収しにくい白っぽいものを選びましょう。日傘や、つばの広い帽子なども良いですね。 その上で、きちんと水分補給をすることを心がける必要があります。体重の３％以上の水分が失われると、 体温調節に影響が出るといわれていますので、激しい運動をする際には、体重の変化に注目する必要があります。 例えば、私（田村）は約８０kgですので、汗をかいて2.4kg体重が減るとヤバイ！ということになります。 さて、水分補給のペースですが、のどが渇いた時には、既に脱水が起きていることが多いので、 のどの渇いたと感じる前に水分補給をすることが大事です。 炎天下で運動するときには、 時間を決めて定期的に飲み物を飲むと良いでしょう。

[訳例1]

2. How can heat illnesses be prevented?
First, wearing cool, loose clothing made of absorbent, breathable fabrics is important. Lighter-colored clothing, which reflects more heat, is a better choice than dark-colored clothing. Parasols (suns shades) or wide-brimmed hats are also recommended. Making sure to drink plenty of fluids is also important. It is said that losing 3% or more of your body weight in water impacts the body's ability to regulate its internal temperature. During strenuous exercise, it is important to pay attention to changes in your weight. In my case, I weigh 80 kg! Sweating off 2.4kg of that during exercise could be considered a warning sign. Now, when should you drink fluids? By the time you notice you're thirsty, you are most likely already dehydrated. Thus, it's very important to have a drink before you notice thirst. When exercising in hot weather, be sure to schedule regular drink breaks ahead of time.

[訳例2]

2. What you should do to prevent heatstroke
(1)Wear loose-fitting clothes made of breathable and sweat-wicking fabrics. Lighter (2)color clothes are preferable because they do not absorb so much heat from sunlight. A parasol or a broad brimmed hat is also good (3)for avoiding sunlight. What is more important is to drink replacement fluid (4)appropriately. Fluid loss of more than three percent of the body weight (5) is considered to impair (6)the mechanism of the body temperature regulation. (7)For example, a man weighing 80 kg would be unsafe if the he loses 2.4 kg by sweating. In most cases, (8)at the time when a person feels thirsty, the person is already dehydrated. Therefore, it is important to drink fluid before (9)the person feels thirsty. If you (10)have a workout under a flaming sun, you had better drink fluid at regular intervals.

  1. Wear loose-fitting clothes made of breathable and sweat-wicking fabrics. ← good!
  2. color →　colored
  3. for avoiding sunlight → for shade
  4. appropriately は不要。
  5. is considered to → can
  6. the mechanism of を削除し、body temperature regulation の後に mechanism を入れる。
  7. For example, a man weighing 80 kg would be unsafe if the he loses 2.4 kg by sweating. ← good!
  8. at → by
  9. the person feels ← you feel
  10. have a workout under a flaming sun ← exercise in hot weather
    flaming sun をいうフレーズを何度も使うとくどい。in hot weather などで言い換えるべき

[訳例3]

2. How to Prevent Heat Stroke
First of all, one has to wear highly (1)hygroscopic and breathable clothes. (2)Whitish clothes are preferable because (3) white color doesn’t absorb heat easily. A parasol and a broad-brimmed hat are also (4)recommendable. Moreover, you have to make sure to hydrate yourself. It is said that you can not regulate your body temperature properly when you lose 3% or more of your body weight in water. When you do a strenuous exercise, you need to (5)watch loss in your weight. (6)In the case of me, or Tamura, who weighs about 80kg, losing 2.4kg in weight through perspiration would be a warning signal. When you feel thirsty, it is highly likely that (7) you have already been dehydrated. It is important to hydrate yourself before you get thirsty. If you (8)take exercise under the blazing sun, it is advisable to drink at fixed intervals.

  1. hygroscopic → absorbent
  2. whitish → Light-colored
  3. white color doesn’t → white colors don’t
  4. recommendable → recommended
  5. watch loss → watch for change
  6. 次のように書き換える。
    In my case, I weigh about 80kg and losing 2.4kg…would be
  7. you have already been → you are already
  8. take exercise → exercise

[訳例4]

How to prevent Hyperthermia?
First, wear cool clothing made of a water (1)absorbing and breathable material. (2)Whitish clothes are better choice due to less heat absorption. Using a parasol and a wide-brimmed hat is also recommended. In addition to wearing appropriate clothing, (3) supply your body with water sufficiently (4). It is reported that body temperature control is (5)degraded if 3% water of the total weight or more is lost. When you exercise, you need to monitor a change in your weight. In my case, for example, since my weight is approximately 80kg, a weight loss of 2.4Kg through sweating would be dangerous! You (6) had better note that if you feel thirsty, you are already dehydrated. So, when you exercise under the blazing sun, drink water timely on a regular basis and before you feel thirsty.

  1. absorbent
  2. light-colored
  3. supplying
  4. is also important 挿入。
  5. impacted if 3% of the total weight
  6. should also note

[訳例5]

2. How to prevent heatstroke?
At first, it is to ware the cool clothes made of the component which has humidity absorbing and porous nature. For the color of the clothes, select whitish one which hardly absorb heat. Sunshades and hats with a broad brim are good.
In addition, you must take care to have necessary and enough hydration. It can be said that if the water of over 3% of your weight was lost, the temperature control function would have been affected, therefore you need to notice your weight change when you exercise hardly. For example, as I (Tamura) am 80kg weight, 2.4kg decrease in my weight indicates dangerousness.

In addition, as the pace of hydration, it is important to hydrate before you feel a thirst since it is often that dehydration has already occurred when you feel a thirst. When you exercise under the scorching sun, it is recommended that you have drinks at regular intervals with determined times.

[訳例6]

How do you prevent heatstroke?
First of all, wear clothes whose materials are very hygroscopic and breathable. Choose whitish and heat-resistant clothes in which you feel cool. A parasol or a wide-brimmed hat is recommendable. In addition, see to it that you take ample water. It is said that if you lose more than three percent of water out of your weight, you will have difficulty in adjusting your temperature. If you do hard exercise, look to a change of your weight. For example, I (Tamura) am about 80kgs and so if I lose 2.4kgs of my weight by sweating, it is a warning signal. Regarding the pace of water supply, it is important for you to drink water before you feel thirsty, because dehydration has already begun when you feel thirsty. It is advisable to take regular water at a fixed time when you do exercise under a burning sun.

[訳例7]

What can be done to prevent heat illnesses?
First of all, keep the body cool. Be sure your clothing (1) absorbs sweat and breathes well. Choose light-colored clothing, preferably white, which absorb less sunlight. (2)An umbrella or wide-brimmed hat also helps to protect you from the sun. In addition to proper clothing, adequate fluid intake is equally important to stay well hydrated. It is known that a loss of water corresponding to 3 percent of the body weight affects body temperature control. It is therefore a good idea to check (3)the change in body weight when exercising vigorously. As an example, if I (Tamura) loose (4) 2.4 kg, through sweating, out of my body weight of approximately 80 kg, (5) I have crossed the threshold corresponding to the alarming level, signaling not to lose more. Now, how frequently do you have to drink water? Thirst isn't an early signal that your body needs fluids; it's a warning sign that you¹re dehydrated. You should replace (6) the lost fluids before you feel thirsty. It is recommended to take regular water breaks at predetermined intervals (7)during exercising in the sun.

  1. absorbs sweat を is absorbent に変更。
  2. An umbrella を A parasol に訂正。
  3. the change を changes に訂正。
  4. through sweating の両側のカンマを削除。
  5. I have crossed the threshold corresponding to the alarming level, signaling not to lose more を it could be a warning sign に全面訂正。
  6. the を削除。
  7. during を when に訂正。

[訳例8]

2. Prevention
Wear loose clothing made of moisture-absorbent, well-breathing (1) fiber of a heat-repelling light color. A parasol and a wide-brimmed hat are also recommended. In addition, adequate water intake is important. It is known that loss of water as much as three percent of your weight impairs the body’s temperature control mechanism. So, watch for changes in the weight when you engage in vigorous activities. In my case, for example, (2) the red signal will flash if I lost 2.4 kg as a result of sweating because I am normally 80 kg. Then, how often should we drink water? It is said (3)that once you feel thirsty, you are already dehydrated. This means fluid intake is necessary before you are thirsty. When you engage in outdoor sports in hot weather, keep in mind that you need regular hydration at appropriate intervals.

  1. materials in a heat-repelling
  2. it would be a warning sign
  3. by the time

□ 涼しい服装
  • absorbent and breathabl
  • cool clothes (涼しい服)
  • cool clothing (涼しい服装、格好)
□ 熱を吸収しにくい
  • 反対に「反射、reflect」を考える。
□ 炎天下
  • flaming や blazing を何回も繰り返すとくどい。
□ transition
  • 「さて」
    ケッコー無視できる（場合が多い）が、Now など。
  • 「そうは言うものの」
    Having said that…
    Despite this…

[テキスト4]

水分補給のほかにも、十分に睡眠を取ること。また、ビタミンやミネラルの不足も良くありませんので、暑くても食事はしっかりと食べましょう。以前も取り上げましたが、暑さの厳しい真夏は、ビタミンB群を多く含む豚肉がお奨めです。なによりも、体調の悪いときには炎天下での運動を避けることです。我慢は禁物。まじめな人ほど、熱中症になりやすいそうです。

[訳例1]

Another important factor besides getting adequate fluids is being well rested. Also, vitamin and mineral deficiencies are also not a good thing, so we recommend eating full meals, even if you have a poor appetite because of the hot weather. As reported earlier, pork, which is full of Vitamin B group vitamins, is particularly recommended during hot summer weather. Above all else, exercise during hot weather should be avoided if you have are not feeling well. Just "toughing it out" is not an option. Well-meaning, serious fitness buffs are often those who end up with heat illnesses.

[訳例2]

It is also important to (1) take a good night’s rest. Loss of vitamin or mineral can also be a cause of heatstroke. Therefore, you should not skip meals even (2) the hot weather decreases your appetite. As I mentioned before, pork is one (3) of good food source during hot summer because pork is rich in B vitamins. The most important thing is not (4) to do exercise under a flaming sun if you are in poor physical condition.

  1. take → have
  2. if を挿入。
  3. of は不要。
  4. to do は不要。

[訳例3]

In addition to hydration, good sleep is necessary. You should not (1) ignore meals (2)because you are too much affected by the heat to have an appetite. Have proper meals to make up for vitamins and minerals. Pork, rich in vitamin B, is (3)recommendable for sweltering hot summer days (4)as I mentioned before. You should avoid exercise under the scorching sun, (5) in the first place, (6) when you are out of shape. (7) Endurance could be a fatal mistake in this situation. Earnest people are said to be more prone to heat stroke.

  1. ignore meals → skip meals
  2. because 以下を次のように変える。
    even if you don’t have an appetite because of the heat.
  3. recommendable → recommended
  4. as 以下を削除。
  5. カンマを取る。
  6. when → if
  7. この文と次の文は、このままでは欧米人に意味が通じないので表現に工夫が必要。


[訳例4]

In addition to water supply, sufficient sleep is also important. Lack of vitamins or minerals should be prevented (1)also. Appropriate eating is important even if it is hot. Eating pork (2) that contains a lot of vitamins B group is recommended as we referred in a former edition. (3) Most effective way is to refrain from exercising under the blazing sun when your condition is not perfect. You should note that too much patience is dangerous in this case. Some report says self-disciplined people (4) likely to suffer hyperthermia.

  1. as well
  2. which
  3. The some say most effective way
  4. are actually most likely

[訳例5]

Besides dehydration, enough sleep is necessary. In addition, as lack of vitamins and minerals is not good, you would eat nourishing meals. As I said before, for intensively hot summer, pork which includes a vitamin B group is recommended. First of all, you should avoid exercise under the scorching sun when you feel sick. To bear is prohibited. It is said a serious man is likely to get heatstroke.

[訳例6]

In addition to water supply, have good sleep. Vitamin and mineral are also important. Take regular meals even if it is hot. As I said before, it is advisable for you to eat pork rich in a group of vitamin Bs especially when it is very hot in summer. Above all, avoid exercise under a burning sun when you are not in good shape. Endurance is no good. It is said that, the more serious you are, the more you are inclined to get heatstroke.

[訳例7]

In addition to drinking fluids properly, another precaution is to take (1) adequate amounts of sleep. (2)A deficiency of vitamins and minerals also raises the risk of heat-related illnesses. Eat properly even if you have poor appetite due to heat. As discussed in the previous issues, a recommendable food material for midsummer meal is pork that is rich in B vitamins. It is most important in the first place to avoid exercising in extreme heat when you are not in a good physical condition. Know the signs of heat illnesses and don’t ignore them. (3)The statistics indicate that serious and patient people are more susceptible to heat-related illnesses.

  1. take adequate amounts of sleep を get adequate rest に変更。
  2. A deficiency of vitamins and minerals を A vitamins and minerals deficiency に変更。
  3. The statistics indicate that serious and patient people are more susceptible to heat-related illnesses. 全文を削除。訳出する必要なし。

[訳例8]

Besides hydration, sufficient sleep is (1)essential. Additionally, be careful not to (2)cause vitamin and mineral deficiency. (3)Very hot it is indeed these days, yet anyhow keep eating regularly. As discussed before, (4) lean pork is recommended because it is rich in vitamin Bs to help tide over the sizzling summer season. After all, it is (5)clever to stay rested and avoid physical exercise under burning sunshine, especially when you are not feeling well. Never try to be patient in hot weather. Square persons are said to be more likely to suffer from heat illness.

  1. necessary
  2. have
  3. Despite the hot weather, eating regularly is important
  4. 削除。
  5. best

□ なによりも
  • above all が便利。
□ 水分補給
  • take (drink) water
  • replenish water supply
  • water という動詞は花木、動物に用いる。
□ 我慢強い、まじめな人
  • Toughing it out (at work) という表現がある。
  • カルチャーが異なるから、serious は「まじめ」に対しそのままでは通じない。
  • Well-meaning, serious fitness buffs
  • No-sidetracking ： 遊び心がない
  • No-nonsense ： 寄り道しない、その道一筋


    • “Dr. Smith was a serious boy.” “Dr. Smith is a serous man.”
    ABCNEWS’ Peter Jennings, referring to Dr Craig Smith who led the heart surgery team that operated on former President. Clinton.

[テキスト5]

4. 熱中症になってしまったら？

すぐに運動を中止して、木陰などの涼しい場所に移動してください。十分な水分の補給が必要です。意識がおかしくなるような重症の場合は直ちに病院へ運んで下さい。熱中症で命を落とすこともありますから侮ってはいけません。また、積極的に体温を冷やすことも大事です。扇風機や団扇などで風を送ってあげるのも効果的です。

[訳例1]

What to do in the case of heat illnesses?

Should someone come down with a heat illness, immediately have tem cease all exercise, and move them to a shady, cool area. Drinking adequate fluids is also important. If someone who has a heat illnesses starts showing signs of disorientation or confusion, immediately take them to a hospital. Heat illnesses (specifically, heat stroke) can be a life-threatening illness, and should not be taken lightly. Also, lowering their body temperature is also important. Cooling them down with an electric or hand-held fan is also effective.

[訳例2]

4. How to treat (1)a heatstroke sufferer

Stop exercising immediately and move the person a shady, cooler area. Let the person drink sufficient water. It is also important to lower the (2)sufferer's body temperature in (3)someway, for example, with fan. (4) When the person is unconscious, emergency medical treatment is necessary. Don’t forget that heatstroke can be a life-threatening illness.

  1. a heatstroke sufferer →　heatstroke
  2. sufferer’s → person’s
  3. someway → some way
  4. When → If

[訳例3]

4. First Aid Treatment for Heat Stroke

Stop exercise right away and move to a cool place such as a (1) shadowy place under a tree. (2)Take in sufficient amount of water. In (3)a serious case where someone (4) gets unconscious from heat stroke, the person needs to be taken to hospital. We must not (5)think little of heat stroke. Serious heat stroke could kill you. Try to cool a patient’s body as efficiently as possible. Blowing with an electric fan and a paper fan will work to cool the body.

  1. shadowy → shady
  2. Take in → Drink a
  3. A serious case → serious casesy
  4. gets → becomes
  5. think little → think too lightly

[訳例4]

If you (1)are suspected to be hyperthermia, Stop all activities and get into a cool area, or at least in the shade of a three. (2) Take sufficient water supply. It is effective to (3)send air by a fan or an electric fan to cool the body. In serious cases, especially if you become lightheaded or confused, call a doctor immediately. Hyperthemia (4) endangers your life, if it becomes serious.

  1. get
  2. Drink sufficient waters
  3. use a fan
  4. can endanger

[訳例5]

4. What should you do after getting heatstroke?

You should stop your exercise immediately and move to such as the place under trees. You need to have enough water. You should take the people who got heavy heatstroke such as to lose consciousness to the hospital. As people sometimes die from heatstroke, you should not look down it. In addition, it is important to cool the body in a positive way. It is effective to give the wind with such as a paper fan or an electric fan.

[訳例6]

4. If you have already suffered heatstroke, what should you do?
Stop doing exercise at once and move to a cool place such as under a tree. It is also necessary for you drink water. If a person is serious enough to lose consciousness, send the person to a hospital immediately. Do not make light of heatstroke, because you may lose life from heatstroke. It is also important for you to cool down your temperature actively. An electric fan or a round fan will help you to cool down your temperature.

[訳例7]

What is a first-aid treatment (1)of heat-related illnesses?

Stop (2)the exercise immediately and move to a shady, cool place and rest. Drink plenty of water. In the case of more severe symptoms, such as dizziness, take the affected person to a hospital promptly. DO NOT underestimate the symptoms of heat-related illnesses. Heatstroke, the most severe form of the illness, can be life-threatening. As a first-aid treatment, it is also important to lower the body temperature. Fanning the patient’s skin by turning on an electric fan or using a paper fan may be effective.


  1. of を for に訂正。
  2. the exercise を exercising に訂正。

[訳例8]

4. Treatment

If you find someone who appears to be suffering from heat illness, persuade him to take a rest and move him from the hot environment to a cool location, for example, under the shade of a tree. (1)The person needs to be watered sufficiently. If he is only half conscious or more seriously ill, (2)carry him to the hospital immediately. Never take (3)it easy because heat illness can have significant consequences, including death. Fan the patient and take any other measures available to (4)aggressively cool him down.

  1. The person needs sufficient liquids
  2. take
  3. heat illness easily
  4. 削除。
□ OED によれば、
  • What to do in the case of heat illnesses? 熱中症に関してはどうすべきか。
  • What to do in case of heat illnesses? 熱中症になったらどうすべきか。
□ 翻訳者による補足
  • 「熱中症で命を落とすこともあります」
    Heat illnesses (specifically, heat stroke) can be a life-threatening illness,
    余計な情報を挿まないという方針の固い Wendy さんも、必要に応じてこのようにする。

投稿者 kz : 2004年10月27日 00:14

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