たいへんお待たせいたしました。またまた仕事が立て込んでしまい、発表が遅くなってしまいました。第25回目の課題のレジュメです。
【
課題文】
インクジェット
インクジェット技術とは、2～20pl（ピコ・リットル）の微量のインクをノズルから吐出し、線や点などのパターンを紙や基板の上に直接描画する技術である。プリンタでは、顔料を液体に分散させたインクを紙の上に吐出し、文字や図形などを描く。この技術を回路基板やフラットパネル・ディスプレイ（FPD）の製造工程に導入することで、少ない工程数で生産することが期待できる。さらに投資コスト削減の効果もある。従来の微細配線や表示素子は真空成膜装置とフォト・リソグラフィ装置を使ってパターン形成することが多い。これをインクジェットに 換えると、常圧雰囲気で使える比較的安価な装置で済む。
このインクジェット技術のプリンタ以外への応用について、大きな進展があった。セイコーエプソンがインクジェット技術を使い20層の多層回路基板を試作した。同社は既に、「回路基板製造に必要な線幅30μm、線間隔70μm、厚さ2μmの配線形成技術を確立している」（同社生産技術開発本部長の森昭雄氏）とする。その上で、既存プロセスを使った場合の2倍以上の層数を今回達成できたことによって、「インクジェット技術を回路基板の製造に転用できるメドがついた」（同氏）と言う。
＜後略＞
NIKKEI MICRODEVICES, December 2004, 今週のキーワード
[テキスト1]
インクジェット技術がプリンタ以外の用途に広がり始めている。回路基板の配線、液晶パネルのカラー・フィルタ、有機EL素子、面発光レーザー用マイクロレンズ、有機TFT素子などの製造工程である ( 図1)。
[訳例1]
Inkjets: Not Just for Printers Anymore
Applications for inkjet technology are beginning to spread beyond the mere printer. A wide host of manufacturing processes, including substrate circuitry, color filters for LCD panels, organic EL (electroluminescence) displays, microlenses for surface-emitting lasers and organic TFT (thin film transistor) displays are utilizing the latest in inkjet technology. (Fig. 1)
[訳例2]
Inkjet technology
Inkjet technology is not what most people associate with printers any more. Its applications now include manufacturing processes for wiring of circuit boards, color filters of LCD panels, organic EL devices, microlenses for surface emission lasers, organic TFT devices, etc (see figure 1).
- もう少しpunchになるものを付け加えるとよい。
- 語順を変え、Most people don't associate inkjet technology with printers anymore. とする。
[訳例3]
Inkjet technology
Inkjet technology is no longer meant for printers alone; it is finding widespread application in manufacturing process of, for example, substrate wiring, color filters of liquid crystal display (LCD) panels, organic electroluminescence devices, micro-lenses for surface emission laser, and organic thin film transistors (TFT). (See Fig. 1)
- While this assignment is a bit dry, we can still try and make an interesting title.
- the manufacturing processes
- lasers (pl.)
[訳例4]
INKJET
The applications of inkjet technology are no more limited to printers. Examples of such applications include wiring of circuit boards, and manufacturing of LCD panels, color filters, organic EL devices, micro lenses for surface light emitting laser, and organic TFT devices ( Fig.1).
- タイトル、少しは工夫したらどうですか？
- more → longer
- → micro-lens または microlens
[訳例5]
Inkjet
Inkjet technology is finding growing applications outside the domain of printers. It is being adopted in the process of manufacturing printed circuit boards, LCD color filters, organic light emitting devices, surface emitting laser micro-lenses and organic TFT devices (Fig. 1).
- What happened to your always interesting titles?
Is a translator supposed to create anything?
[訳例6]
Inkjet Technology
Inkjet technology, the well-known technology used in inkjet printers, has been used for a wider variety of applications. Examples of the new applications are manufacturing processes of; wirings on circuit boards, color filters for LCD, organic EL devices, microlens for surface emitting laser, and organic TFT devices. (see Fig. 1)
- Let's try and create a more interesting, creative title, even if the subject matter is a bit dry.
- is being
- セミコロン (;) → コロン (:)
【タイトル】インクジェット
【Georgeさんの訳例】
Inkjets: Not Just for Printers Anymore
・ 大半の訳例が「Inkjet」または「Inkjet technology」である。これではあまりにも淡泊なので、もう少し flavor, zest, punch になるものを補うこと。
・ George さんの訳例の「not just for」はよく使う言葉。米国では CM でもよく耳にする。
Vocabulary
1-1. 回路基板
・ circuit board が最適であろう。PWB (print-wire board)、PCB (printed circuit board) も一般的である。
・ substrate は、（回路を載せる前の）より元の材料に近いものを指す場合に使ったほうがよいであろう。ただし、substrate 自体は通常の会話ではほとんど耳にしたことがない。
・この文脈では、wafer も使えるかもしれない。
[テキスト2]
インクジェット技術とは、2～20pl（ピコ・リットル）の微量のインクをノズルから吐出し、線や点などのパターンを紙や基板の上に直接描画する技術である。プリンタでは、顔料を液体に分散させたインクを紙の上に吐出し、文字や図形などを描く。この技術を回路基板やフラットパネル・ディスプレイ（FPD）の製造工程に導入することで、少ない工程数で生産することが期待できる。さらに投資コスト削減の効果もある。従来の微細配線や表示素子は真空成膜装置とフォト・リソグラフィ装置を使ってパターン形成することが多い。これをインクジェットに 換えると、常圧雰囲気で使える比較的安価な装置で済む。
[訳例1]
Inkjets shoot out tiny ink droplets (2 - 20 picoliters) from the nozzle, which allows circuit lines, dots and other patterns to be drawn directly upon paper and substrates. For printers, liquid pigments are dispersed into the ink and sprayed upon the paper, creating text, shapes and other graphics. By introducing this technology into substrate and FPD (flat panel display) manufacturing, electronics companies can expect not only to reduce the number of processes involved in production but lower investment costs as well. Normal microcircuitry and display devices often use vacuum deposition and photolithography to produce images. Switching over to an inkjet system, however, can be an equipment cost saver when operated under normal atmospheric conditions.
[訳例2]
Inkjet technology is essentially used for directly printing patterns such as lines or dots on a paper sheet or substrate by discharging a small amount of ink from a nozzle. The amount can be as small as 2-20 picoliters. If this technology is applied to a printer, diffused pigment-containing ink is discharged onto a paper sheet for printing characters or graphics. By introducing such a technology to the manufacturing process for circuits boards or FPD (flat panel display), the number of steps required for their production may be reduced. So will the investment cost, because the conventional patterning process for fine wiring or display devices often using vacuum deposition and photolithography apparatuses will be replaced with inkjet patterning process using less expensive apparatuses usable under atmospheric pressure.
- 長すぎるし、多音節の単語が多いので２つのセンテンスに分けないと文章がきれいに流れない。
- apparatuses を同じ文章で２回使わないほうがよい。いずれか一方を devices にする。
- an を追加。
[訳例3]
Inkjet technology is the art of discharging as minute an amount of ink as 2 to 20 pl (pico litter) from a nozzle in order to draw lines and dots directly on sheets of paper or substrates. A printer uses this technology to discharge ink that has pigments suspended in a liquid, so it can draw characters and graphics. When this technology is applied to the manufacturing process of substrates and flat-panel displays (FPD), expectations are high that it will simplify the whole process. Also, it can reduce facility investment. Patterning for wiring and display devices usually uses vacuum thin film coating systems and photolithography systems. If inkjet technology is introduced in the patterning process, these traditional systems will be replaced with a lower-priced system that can work in a normal pressure atmosphere.
- Is this really an art? I'm not sure but I do appreciate your honest effort in approaching the translation in a fresh manner.
- "Discharge" = OK. But "spray" or "shoots out" would be the better verbs in this context.
- Yes, probably in the long run investing in these systems will reduce the cost of running facilities, but here I think we can safely "直訳" and just say reduce "investments" or "the cost of investing". This term covers more ground because it is broad in scope.
- under normal atmospheric pressure
[訳例4]
The inkjet technology includes ejecting fine 2-20 picoliter droplets of ink through a nozzle and plotting a line or a dot pattern directly on a paper or a substrate. In a printer, ink having a pigment dispersed in a solution is jetted on a paper to draw a character or symbol. The introduction of the inkjet technology into the manufacturing processes for circuit boards, flat panel displays (FPD) and other devices, allows potential reduction of the number of steps required for the manufacturing, as well as minimized investment cost. Most of the conventional processes of fine wiring or for manufacturing display devices use a vacuum film forming apparatus and a photolithography apparatus to form a pattern. The inkjet technology can replace these apparatuses with a relatively inexpensive apparatus that can be operated in a normal pressure atmosphere to draw patterns.
- ここでは spray または shoot の方がいいのでは？
- 2-20 → 2 - 20 スペースを開けるべき。
- a 削除。
- Good!
- system や device の方がスマート（sleeker）。その上、4 回も apparatus を使っている。繰返しは避けたい。
- → under normal atmospheric pressure
- draw もpatternも言葉としてはまったく悪くないが、繰返しを避けたい。
Ex. create graphics, shapes images …
[訳例5]
Inkjet printing is implemented with a nozzle assembly jetting out tiny droplets of ink (2-20 pico-liters per nozzle) to directly draw patterns comprising dots and lines on the surface of paper or other base material. In the printer application, the printhead delivers droplets of ink, which is a liquid containing dispersed pigment, onto paper to draw characters and images. If used in the process of making such products as printed circuit boards and flat panel displays, this technology can reduce fabrication steps and cut the cost of capital investment. The conventional method of patterning micro-wires or display panels uses vacuum deposition and photolithography equipment. Replacing this process, inkjet technology promises to enable relatively inexpensive equipment to operate under normal atmospheric pressure.
- For droplets coming out a nozzle, "spraying" or "shooting" out tiny droplets would be better choices. Upon further review, I see that "jetting" is used with the industry, but I feel this word is still too "用語っぽい."
- Good. Nice & Smooth.
[訳例6]
Inkjet technology is a technology to draw lines or dot patterns by jetting 2 to 20 pico liters of ink droplet from a nozzle directly onto a media to be printed. In the case of a printer, pigments are dispersed in the ink, and the jetted ink onto a sheet of paper forms letters or drawings. If this technology can used in manufacturing circuit boards or flat panel displays (FPD), overall number of the manufacturing processes will be reduced. What is better, investment cost will also be reduced. Conventionally, most of high-density wirings or display devices are patterned by using vacuum deposition system and photolithography system, both are expensive. By adopting the inkjet technology, these systems will be replaced with a relatively inexpensive system that can be used at normal atmospheric pressure.
- For droplets, I would use "spraying" or "shooting".
- droplets (pl.)
- be が抜けている。
- the を入れる。
- Even better
- 今の配線技術の細かさを考えると micro circuitry または micro wiring のほうがよい。
- 両方をまとめて、vacuum deposition and photolithography systems とする。
- and を入れる。
Vocabulary
2-1. 吐出し
・ 「液体を吐出する」場合にはsprayが最も一般的である。これは、インクジェット技術で、微量なインクをピンポイントで吐出する場合にも使えるはずである（日本語のスプレーは、「広がる」というニュアンスがあるが）。shoot, shoot out は「的を絞った」という意味が出せる。
・ jet は動詞ではあまり使わない。
超高圧水噴射による切断加工は water jetting。George さんの大好きな anime でも、手塚治虫先生の鉄腕アトム（Astro Boy）に「ジェッターマルス」という分身がいた。いたというか、これは２０１５年に生まれることになっている。
2-2. 微細配線
・ wiring ではなく、patterning のほうがよいであろう。（wiring は実際に導線を使用してハンダづけする感じか）。特に、ウエハ上の話であれば、patterning がよい。
2-3. 真空成膜装置
・ vacuum deposition (most common), coating, thin film coating, film forming, spattering (even more than spray)のいずれでもよいであろう。
・ deposit, evaporate は膜が生成される側からみるか、膜を生成する材料の側から見るかの違い。英語の語感としては、deposit は、基板上に留まる感じで、evaporate は逃げていく感じ。
[テキスト3]
このインクジェット技術のプリンタ以外への応用について、大きな進展があった。セイコーエプソンがインクジェット技術を使い20層の多層回路基板を試作した。同社は既に、「回路基板製造に必要な線幅30μm、線間隔70μm、厚さ2μmの配線形成技術を確立している」（同社生産技術開発本部長の森昭雄氏）とする。その上で、既存プロセスを使った場合の2倍以上の層数を今回達成できたことによって、「インクジェット技術を回路基板の製造に転用できるメドがついた」（同氏）と言う。
[訳例1]
One major breakthrough in non-printer inkjet technology comes from a major player in imaging and electronics. Seiko Epson Corporation has created a prototype 20-layer circuit board by using an inkjet system. Mr. Akio Mori, Seiko Epson's head of production engineering and development division points out, "We've established circuit drawing technology needed for circuit board manufacturing requirements with a line width of 30 μm, interval spacing of 70 μm and a thickness of 2 μm." Mori adds that by successfully doubling multilayer boards from the existing processes Epson uses, "Transferring inkjet technology into the manufacture of substrates is finally starting to show some promise."
[訳例2]
With respect to the adaptation of the inkjet technology to non-printer applications, a breakthrough was made by SEIKO-EPSON Corp. in the fabrication of a multilayer circuit board. They successfully prototyped a 20-layer circuit board using inkjet technology. According to a SEIKO-EPSON’s senior official (Akio Mori, Director of Production Engineering Research Unit), the company has already established a wiring technology which meets the circuit board manufacturing requirements of linewidth of 30μm, line-to-line distance of 70μm, and layer thickness of 2μm. Mori continued, "Based on this technology, we have succeeded in more than doubling the number of layers of a circuit board compared to that possible with existing processes, and adaptation of our inkjet technology to circuit board manufacturing is within sight."
- Mori continued に続けて引用符を用いるときは、その前に一度引用符で引用した箇所がないとおかしい。
[訳例3]
A big progress has been made toward a new application of inkjet technology. Seiko Epson Corporation employed the technology to fabricate a multilayer substrate consisting of 20 layers. According to (4) Mori Akio, manager of Manufacturing Technology Development Department, the company has already established, through inkjet technology, a process of patterning a substrate that meets minimum requirements such as a line width of 30-μm, a pitch of 70-μm, and a thickness of 2-μm. Mori comments, “Because this process has proved to allow for more than twice as many layers as the existing process, a full-fledged application of inkjet technology to substrate patterning is within sight”.
- Big progress
- the → its
- Epson's site calls it a "20-layer circuit board."
- I would use Western style: Akio Mori
- the 挿入。
- has allowed for
- to → for
[訳例4]
A major progress was made in such inkjet-based application fields by Seiko Epson Corporation (Epson). Epson succeeded in fabricating a prototype of a multi-layer circuit board having 20 layers, which more than doubled the density of a multi-layer circuit board fabricated through conventional processes. According to Mori Akio, Head of Epson's Production Engineering and Development Division, the company has already established a patterning technology to draw a fine line of 30µm wide, 70µm line spacing and 2µm thick as a minimum requirement for circuit board fabrication. On top of that, the success of the 20-layer circuit board "has convinced us to start commercial use of the inkjet technology for fabricating circuit boards" said Akio Mori.
- Ａはトル。
- Epson のサイトでは 20-layer circuit board が使われている。
- 日本語では density が 2 倍とはいっていない。
- George さんは Western style の方が好きだそうです。それにしても、１つの段落で両方使う人も珍しい（と反省してます）。
好き嫌いの問題ではなくて、Gregさんも言っておられたようにドッチが苗字かアッチの人には判断できないからではなかろうか。
[訳例5]
Lately a significant leap has been made toward its application to purposes other than the printer. Seiko Epson demonstrated a sample of 20-layer circuit board fabricated with its inkjet printing technology. The company had already had "a proprietary method for drawing 30μm-wide, 2μm-thick conductors spaced by 70μm-wide insulators necessary to pattern circuit boards," according to Akio Mori, head of Seiko Epson's Production Engineering and Development division. Now that the company has more than doubled the number of layers that can be laminated as compared with that possible with the existing method, "we are confident that we can use our inkjet technology for commercial production of electronics circuit boards," said Mori.
- カンマ挿入。
- its 挿入。
- had 削除。
- I would include the "Mr." because most native English speakers wouldn't know if Akio is a masculine or feminine name.
- compared to what was possible with
[訳例6]
Recently, a noticeable progress was made in a non-printer application of the inkjet technology. Seiko Epson Corp. (hereinafter Epson) made 20-layer multilayer circuit board prototypes by using the inkjet technology. According to Akio Mori, head of the Production Engineering and Development Division at Epson, they already established a technology to form a wiring having line width of 30 µm, line pitch of 70 µm, and thickness of 2 µm that are required for fabricating a circuit board. He commented that adding to this established technology, the successful formation of the 20-layer, which is more than twice layers than those achieved by conventional process, secured the prospect of applying the inkjet technology to circuit board manufacturing.
- a は不要。
- a を入れる。
- are → is
- twice layers → double
- process → processes
- the は不要。
- 最後の１文（４行）について。You have the ideas and the translation more or less down, but the flow and rhythm have become muddled in this sentence.
Vocabulary
3-1.線間隔
・ space, interval を使うものであればどれでもよいであろう。ただし、spaceは、線の隣り合うedgeから edge までの間隔（gap）であり、interval は、線の中心線から中心線の間隔を指すのが普通と思われるので、厳密には使い分けたほうがよいと思われる。この文脈ではいずれを指すかは不明。
・ pitchは「間隔」という意味ではあまり使われないようだが、幅広い意味をもつ単語。
homonym の pitch はコールタール状の物質で、pitch dark, pitch black （真っ暗、真っ黒、crystal clear の反対）のように使われる。
3-2. 配線形成技術
・ 2-2と同じ理由で、patterning technology など pattern を使うものがよいであろう。
・ 「技術」がつくからといって一義的に technology を当てないこと。technologyを使わないで言えないか考えること。「配線形成技術」の場合には technology で ＯＫ。
・ technology vs. technique：techniqueは、technologyの中の何種類もある方法の１つという感じ。したがって、inkjet techniqueはだめ。patterning technique(s)はＯＫ。
3-3. 転用
・ convert, transfer がよい（安全）であろう。
・ divert は「完全に移行してしまう感じ（completely moving away to another）」。つまり、inkjet の例では、プリンタ応用から、配線技術に完全に移行してしまう。実際には、インクジェット技術はプリンタでも依然として用いられるはず。
3-4.「メドがついた」
・ beginning to see the light, within the sight, the prospects look bright, light at the end of the tunnel, on the horizonなどが使える。
・ It’s almost thereも考えられるが、やや口語的に過ぎる。
3-5.「その上で、既存プロセスを使った場合の２倍以上の総数を今回達成できたことによって」
・「２倍以上の総数を」は、more than doubling the number ofなど、「double」を動詞で使うとよいであろう。
○ THE WORD OF TODAY （おまけ） ＝ てこずる
（テキスト中「その上で、既存プロセスを使った場合の２倍以上の総数を今回達成できたことによって」という文章にてこずった人が多かったので）
・ That part of text ran roughshod over everyone = gave hard time to everybody.
